Clearly convey every important aspect of your research, leaving out the nonessential.  Limit descriptions of the intellectual background and do not rehearse known facts or information given in the title. Exclude personal opinions on the value of the work being addressed. Focus on what’s new. Clearly state the main conclusion(s).  

The abstract should include sufficient information for researchers to decide if the article, chapter or book will be useful to them.  The abstract should not exceed 150 words.